The Middle East International Politics And Economics...

The Middle East leaves one of the largest stains on the consciousness of international relations. The Arab – Israeli conflict was quickly emerging as one of the largest issues within the region. In particular, the Israeli – Palestinian conflict became a bloody and violent conflict that world powers along with neighboring countries to use for their gains. The Middle East has historically been a contentious playing ground for world powers, this very strategic location offered militaristic advantages and a gateway between Europe and the Far East. The Middle East has consistently proved its importance in international politics and economics during World War II, the discovery of oil, and the Cold War; coupled with the internal political instability and contention between world powers, it has become a region of much unrest and constant conflict. After the atrocities of World War II along with the birth of Zionism to empower the Jewish people a home was chosen in the land of Palestine an area with a rich history to the Jewish people. The creation of the state of Israel in 1948, recognized by the Palestinian people as ‘Yawm an-Nakba’ meaning day of catastrophe, the dynamics of Middle Eastern politics would dramatically change. The Arab – Israeli conflict is one of the bloodiest, uncontrollable, protracted and resentful conflicts within the modern era of international relations. 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In 1946, France and Great Britain were forced to withdrawal from their colonized states by the United Nation Security Council when a delegation of the Middle Eastern countries called for the removal the colonial mandates on Middle East, specifically in Palestine (Department of Public Information). While Britain and France did not completely abandon their influence over the area, the removalRead MorePolitical Effects Of Ww1 During World War One ( Ww1 )871 Words   |  4 PagesPolitical Effects of WW1 World War One (WW1) ends in November 11, 1918 with the great human and material losses for both sides of the conflict: about 10-13 millions of people are dead while twice bigger number is wounded, and the economics of warring sides countries are on the decline. Due to new circumstances and new challenges, winning Allied Powers carve up areal map of the world during the Paris Peace Conference within Treaty of Versailles in 1919. 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The Consequences Of Antimicrobial Resistance In Human...

The incidences of antimicrobial resistance in human pathogens have increased at an alarming rate worldwide (Tanwar et al., 2014). Nature has been a potential source of medicinal agents for thousands of years and a notable amount of modern drugs have been isolated from natural products, many based on their use in traditional medicine. The relatively lower incidence of adverse reactions to plant preparations compared to modern conventional pharmaceuticals, coupled with their reduced cost, is encouraging both the consuming public and national health care institutions to consider plant medicines as alternatives to synthetic drugs. The present study showed significant antibacterial activity of andrographolide against Gram-positive strains†¦show more content†¦cheiranthifolium selectively affects Gram-positive bacteria (Mendoza et al., 2002). Copalic acid, another labdane diterpene, isolated from Copaifera langsdorffii is found to be active against a number of Gram-positive bacteria responsible for dental carries (Leandro et al., 2012). 6-alpha-malonyloxymanoyl oxide, isolated from Stemodia foliosa, is also active against a panel of Gram-positive bacteria containing Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, B. subtilis, B. anthracis, Micrococcus luteus, Mycobacterium smegmatis (da Silva et al., 2008). The MBC was noted to be 0.5 mg/ml for S. aureus (MTCC 96) with andrographolide. Bacteriostatic activity is defined as a ratio of MBC to MIC of 4; therefore, andrographolide can act as bacteriostatic agent in this strain (Pankey and Sabath 2004). Mode of action could be confirmed by some biosynthetic pathway inhibition, as demonstrated by cell wall, DNA, RNA and protein synthesis. ~69% inhibition of DNA synthesis was estimated in S. aureus when treated with andrographolide. Approx 25% and 36% inhibition of RNA and protein biosynthesis was also observed respectively. A plausible explanation of this result is that, by impairing DNA synthesis, the compound might interfere with RNA and protein syntheses resulting in the downstream biosynthetic pathway inhibition.Show MoreRelatedDisease Essay Examples755 Words   |  4 PagesThought Paper: Pathogens Are Rare Virulence Varies Greatly Less than 1% of bacteria can invade our bodies and making us ill [5]. Such bacteria are pathogenic and have the potential to be disease causing. This means that the remaining 99% are rather ubiquitous in nature and serve beneficial purposes or have no effect on humans. Pathogens vary in complexity and those that remain are a direct result of successfully adapting to their environments and evolving over time to overcome selective evolutionaryRead MoreAntimicrobial Coatings And Its Effects On The Environment1373 Words   |  6 PagesAntimicrobial coatings/particles are becoming increasingly commonplace which is overall detrimental. Antimicrobial coatings are a coating that is applied to a surface that either kills or inhibits the growth of microorganisms. This has various applications in hospitals, industry, and at home. The two most common functions of antimicrobial coatings are to prevent illness from pathogens and prolong shelf life of products by inhibiting the growth of mould. An timicrobial coatings are ground-breakingRead MoreAntimicrobial Drug Resistance 1539 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Antimicrobial drug resistance (AMDR) is a clinical phenomena, it means that the ability of specific microorganism to acquire resistance property against certain antibiotic which it was susceptible before (Meyers, 1987; Russell, 1997). AMDR process is the natural consequence of pathogen adaptation to antimicrobials used in medicine, animal food, agriculture and household activities (Gould Meer 2005, p. 617). Antibiotic medication history is successful in human health. AntibioticRead MoreThe Increasing Resistance By Bacteria ( Bonheoffer Et Al, 1997 )3058 Words   |  13 PagesThe increasing resistance by microbes to the available antimicrobials widely used in treating different bacterial infections and/or for minor surgical operations is posing a challenge to the medical professional, scientists and is a public health concern. 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Often referred to as the common cold, the term upper respiratoryRead MoreIntroduction Of Microorganisms And Antimicrobial Resistance Essay1366 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction to microorganisms and antimicrobial resistance Microorganisms have lived between us on the earth for more than 3.8 billion years and show the greatest metabolic and genetic varieties. They are vey essential component and play an important role in maintenance of the ecosystem. They compose almost 50% of the living biomass. In order to survive, microorganisms have developed different mechanisms that enable them to respond to selective pressure applied by environment and different challengeRead MoreAntimicrobial Bacteria Case Study853 Words   |  4 PagesThe high level of resistance to antimicrobial drugs among bacteria colonizing commercial livestock has raised concerns about the significance to human health of such resistance. The transmissibility of resistant organisms from animal to human hosts has been fundamental to this concern. Kathy Parsonnet and Edward Kass, conducted a study on women who compared Escherichia coli (E. coli) and the rate of contracting the disease. Parsonnet and Kass studied about seven hundred and fifty women from a meatRead MoreThe Discovery of Antibiotics by Alexander Fleming3198 Words   |  13 PagesThe discovery of antibiotics is attributed to Alexander Fleming who discovered the first antibiotic to be commercially used (Penicillin) in approximately 1928. An antibiotic, also known as an antimicrobial, is a medication that is taken in order to either destroy or slow the growth rate of bacteria. Antibiotics are integral to the success of many medical practises, such as; surgical procedures, organ transplants, the treatment of cancer and the treatment of the critically ill. (Ramanan Laxminarayan

Alice Walker Question Essay Example For Students

Alice Walker Question Essay The selection from Alice Walker deals with the coming of civil rights and the different attitudes of the old and coming generations. Walker portrays the mother figure as supportive and tough; she fills both the masculine and feminine rolls, With fists as well as / Hands. Images to emphasize the descriptions take up their own lines within the poem Step, Hands, Doors, Shirts, Armies, Fields, Ditches, Desks, and ending with Themselves. This combination of domestic and military objects emphasizes the womens self reliance and perseverance. The military focus emphasizes their struggle through a stereo-typically male role while the domestic objects recall the expected housewifery of the period which one would expect. The hands that both iron and break down doors unify the two themes as being different parts of the same people. The theme of the American Dream echoes here; every parent wants their child to see a future better than their past, A place for us / How they knew what we / Must know / Without knowing a page / Of it / Themselves. The speaker sees her mother as being supportive regarding that which she is unfamiliar with, Without knowing a page in the interest of furthering her offsprings chances of success in the world. The poem is unrhymed and utilizes imagery fists, battered down / Doors, Across mined / Fields / Booby-trapped / Ditches / To discover books of a war to express the difficulties with making progress in an oppressive society. The fact that the poem exists is a self-supportive testament to the ideals it portrays. Morgan GlinesMarch 3 1997AP English

Outsourcing

Introduction Economic growth is the goal of many organizations. Companies work hard to remain afloat in the competition and to expand. The opportunities are rare to come by in a competitive market hence people may seek opportunities across borders. The world is vast and both similar and diverse in different aspects. Though different, the world is interconnected hence the term globalization.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Outsourcing specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The developed countries have chosen to outsource due to steep competition and the high cost of production. The developing countries have welcomed the free market trade since they believe they will gain in pursuit of bargaining power in the global economy (Flat world, 2011). Outsourcing varies from one region to another and may vary in strategy. Some use it as a short term strategy while others use is as a long term strategy. The success of outsourcin g is unique for every situation and therefore outsourcing may bring success or failure. This report will critically evaluate the impact of globalization on the way organizations conduct their businesses overseas in the light of increased outsourcing. It will also evaluate the strategies adopted by General Electric as outlined in the case by Vietor and Veutsman. Evaluating impacts of globalization on the way organizations conduct their business overseas, in the light of increased outsourcing According to Mapsofindia.com (2010, p. 1), there are numerous impacts of globalization among them economic integration. They have noted that market economy has influenced major decisions, among them outsourcing. Private companies have been in the fore front to outsource products and services oversea. The cost of producing in the developed world has been very costly and exporting the products or services overseas has made it even more expensive. Organizations have therefore resolved to outsource a s a means of expansion and offering affordable products and services overseas without the extra cost involved in transportation. As a result of outsourcing, the developing countries can be ranked in the world economy. The countries bargaining power increases as they experience economic growth. Outsourcing presents opportunities for the developing world for it to take part in the global trade. Their interaction with the developed world makes it possible for the developing country to gain access to the developed market (Flat world, 2011).Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In turn, the developed countries have benefited from exemptions from tax and reduced rates that have enabled the outsourcing organization to establish itself. The developing countries and the developed countries have ended up on trade agreement that encourage economic growth by implementing trade policies (Ray nor, 2003, p. 1). The developed private sector has been largely involved in the initiative to integrate the developing countries in the global economy. Developing countries have been reported to obtain skills and training that are hardly available. Outsourcing requires the organization to train the employees so as to maximize their ability. Globalization has led to the development of labor laws. This is because the organizations that outsource have engaged in lower wages and no benefits for the workers. Labor unions have formed and initiated the laws that are to be implemented on the wages, working hours and benefits from the company which may include medical cover for the employees (Mann, 2005, p. 4). Another impact of globalization is development of the developing world infrastructure as indicated by Mapsofindia.com (2010, p. 1). As a result of outsourcing, the developing country may have to develop the transport sector to enable economic activities. The road networks as result ex pands. Moreover, the infrastructure will advance as trade avenues increase. Globalization leads to financial flow. The export is therefore a source of revenue. The local companies have competition and may be required to upgrade and raise their standards close to those introduced by the outsourcing organisaton. Employees who may have an opportunity to work in the organizations may acquire knowledge and skills that are competent and as they work in the local organizations, they may be the avenue to positive change towards globalization (Feenstra Hanson, 1996). In line with IBM Corporation (2005, p. 2), businesses have strategized to attain more profits with less cost in production of goods and services. This has led to outsourcing which in turn has brought globalization. They found out that outsourcing was in the long run leading to reduced expenses in administration.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Outsourcing specifically for you for only $16.05 $1 1/page Learn More The overseas organizations seemed to expand faster than peer organizations. This is also due to the fact that the earnings were significantly higher than those of their peers before taxation. Raynor (2003, p. 1) indicates that outsourcing may be viewed as free trade across the globe yet it may be harmful to the organization. The transfer of employments from first world to third world may actually affect the economy of the first world. The third world countries may benefit economically and displace the first world. The first world will therefore lose a part of its bargaining power in the economy. The loss of employment for those in the first world will therefore cause them to retrain and become innovative, hence create jobs. The challenge is that, the same jobs may also be outsourced hence hurt the first world economy further. It may be necessary to regulate outsourcing overseas. The competitive nature of the market causes companies that want to obtai n cheap labor in production and in increasing sales venture to enter into outsourcing and also collapse. Raynor (2003, p. 1) argues that outsourcing is a business strategy that benefits the organization in long term. Therefore outsourcing as a short term strategy may be a set up for failure. Outracing is a venture that is unequal when it comes to reciprocity. The domestic skilled workers are not utilized as the outsourced skilled workers with cheap wages obtain the jobs. More and more opportunities for employment are created as the businesses expand and they absorb a large number of trained and skilled workers. The introduction of the businesses is itself an advantage to the country since they gain intellectually in untapped areas. Globalization may bring challenges to the developed world since the free trade may be an asset for the developing counties to position themselves in the economic world. The fear is that countries such as China may actually become more powerful. Raynor (20 03, p. 1) noted that in the present world, an organization’s assets are mainly intangible unlike before.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The physical assets no longer matter; what matters are the human resource’s intellect, innovativeness and motivation. When the most important assets of the organization are overseas then globalization causes powerful economies to be at risk of collapsing. The other impact of outsourcing as indicated by Raynor (2003, p. 1) is that employees are key in organizations as they set the goals and implement policies that will lead them to succeed among many competitors. Transferring the competitive advantage held by organization overseas may actually affect the organization since the employees are different and may need training. In line with Mapsofindia.com (2010), technology transfer is another area that globalization has impacted. As the developing world gained access to technology and became part of advancements, the living standards have been raised. A larger market for the technology emerged with extended progress in technology. Raynor (2003, p. 1) also reported that long term impacts of outsourcing leads to economic growth globally. Underdeveloped states with intellects and skills gain employment and bring a balance. The developed states also gain from reduced prices as a result of less cost of production. Globalization led to increased outsourcing as a result of advancement in technology as well as communication. The more advancements, the more technology facilitates communication overseas hence organizations can conduct business with less difficulties. Globalization has led to advanced competition that has caused the production and quality to improve with minimal waste. Another impact of globalization is the increase in exchange of information. Outsourcing will require the organization to share information with the overseas employees as they also share information with the organization. This is essential for the realization of the organizational strategies. Such sharing of information will lead to long term success of the organization. Consequently, co mpetitors have adopted outsourcing for the short term goals and have ended up unsuccessful. This is because they engaged in competition because others are doing it and also to remain afloat. Mapsofindia.com (2010) report that globalization has affected the developed world negatively. There are inequalities that have resulted and led to frustrations among the human resources of the organizations that have adopted outsourcing. Globalization has been accused of exploitation of the employees in the developing world. In the developed world, labor is cheap and the workers can work for longer hours with little pay. Besides cheap labor, the labor policies are not developed. Thus the employees may have to take care of their social needs such as hospitalization. What is more is that the employees are entitled to little or no benefits. The low wages may vary from one region to another and the different states may also have different policies. Globalization has exerted pressure on developing wo rld economic instability. Although globalization was not welcome by some countries such as India, it encouraged such countries to review their policies so as to compete fairly in the global economy. India had implemented policies that made investments and finance complicated. Consequently integration of the economy took a lot of time (Raynor 2003, p. 1). IBM Corporation (2005) mentions that globalization has facilitated trade of goods and services to a wide area and expanded the market. More goods are produced and sold for less. Knowledge has also been shared and exchange of ideas has been achieved leading to innovativeness and better productivity. Transfer of capital is another impact of globalization. Establishment of companies in the developing world has enabled the economies of the developing world to build up. Consequently, some have become major players in the global economy. Integration of people is another consequence of globalization. People belonging to different cultures and belief systems have joined the global network. Others with different backgrounds have shared ideas and integrated their beliefs leading to the success of the organization. After outsourcing, the organization must be sensitive to the culture of the host country so as to get assimilated and be able to sell products and get the human resources (Flat world 2011). Outsourcing may become unsuccessful if the developing country is experiencing political unrest and calamities. This is because for the organization to conduct business, political stability may be necessary. Another impact of globalization is the distribution of resources. The developed countries have outsourced the specialized services and goods. This has led to better productivity. Furthermore, more goods and services are distributed due to the free trade. Globalization has been effective in the distribution of economic power to avoid domination. More players have joined the global market and better products have emerged f rom the competition. The developed world may end up being overtaken by the developing world due to the low labor wages and fast growing economies. Thus they may require policies to regulate outsourcing. Evaluating the strategies adopted by the General Electric as outlined in the case General Electronics (GE) is an American organization that strategized to outsource in Mexico, India, and China. The organization achieved a large wide range of goods and services that ranked it top as the organization with the largest capital in the world. Consequently, it was also leading to the human resource sector where it employed over 300,000 employees. In Mexico, it had established cooperation with maquiladoras. In China, GE operated in the Special Economic Areas. India was the home of software production and thrived, especially because of the readily available human capital. GE was not limited to the Mexico, India and China, it spread to about 100 countries. GE adopted strategies that were uniqu e to different regions so as to realize success. The areas in this case include Mexico, India and China. Mexico GE had moved to Mexico a century earlier and had begun establishing itself. GE partnered with maquiladoras to penetrate in the Mexican market especially in the North. There was an annual growth of about 6% in Mexico. This was attributed to good leadership as one of the strategies that was articulated. This resulted into economic growth. Another strategy used was language. Mexicans speak Spanish and English. This made it possible to communicate with the United States (US). Communicating was easier hence the transfer of ideas and expertise knowledge was possible. Mexico proximity to the US markets was an advantage that led to success when compared to other outsourcing zones like India and China. The free market was an advantage as it was close to the US. Products produced in Mexico were much cheaper than those manufactured in the US. Moreover, the company was aware of the la rge population in Mexico meaning that there could be more buyers for their products and services. Developing the infrastructure was an important strategy of GE. Infrastructure would facilitate trade and communication that will lead to more sales and expansion. With infrastructure in place, then it engaged in competition with other companies that had also outsourced. The labor cost was much lower than that of the US, although it was higher than that of India and China. The company managed to obtain low labor rates and longer working hours than those of the US. Similarly the price of buying land, construction materials, and other raw materials were lower than those in the US and higher than India and China. GE had challenges in Mexico that required it to be stimulated to progress. The currency was susceptible to fluctuation of the currency. Due to economic hardships in 2001, the Mexican economy experienced little or no growth which led to more strategies to improve the economy. Conseq uently, India and China remained a preference since their currencies were stronger than that of the Mexico. Competition in Mexico led to the invention of training programs. The programs ranged from scholarships to maintenance programs that were enabling to the organizations success. Employees would be trained in the course of their working to enable them gain more skills and improve efficiency. The programs were to create a positive image of the organization as trust worthy and reliable. The presence of competitive companies in Mexico inspired the education system in Mexico to train and prepare its citizens to be competitive. In addition, the government implemented policies that encouraged free trade. China GE has also thrived in China and established many avenues of trade as well as absorbed many in the labor force. The organization has also amalgamated with other companies to do business since it ventured into China a century ago. The product range was wide and included among othe rs high-technology. GE in China was determined to be the leading business organization. The organization therefore established a research institution. The objective of the research was to enable the company develop products that would meet the market needs. Chinese culture was obviously different from that of the US hence specialized product for the Chinese was necessary. Additionally, Asians needed training that would suit them in the global market as globalization had taken root in many parts of the world. Just like in Mexico, densely populated locations were the target for GE. Most plants were found in the south and in the east where population was concentrated. Another strategy was the locations with areas that were relatively cheap and mainly in the inland. Manufacturing was leading in China and provided a large variety of goods. The infrastructure greatly improved with significant development in transportation, telecommunication and medical care. Metal work was outstanding and claimed a large number of the workforce. Distribution networks were established and contributed to the success of the company. Venturing in research proved to be benefiting and resulted in innovations and improvements in technology and other areas. One of the achievements was the ability for China to lease. Consequently, the competition grew as more organization began outsourcing in China. Initially, organizations shunned away from outsourcing in China and saw outsourcing as a great risk. Besides competent leadership, GE set up China for economic growth and set targets that were to be achieved. This was to be achieved by expanding the manufacturing, human resource, range of products, investing and meeting the demands. The cost of labor was less costly and the expenses incurred were lower than those of US and even Mexico. GE had to retrain the employees for improved productivity and reduce waste as well as improve effectiveness and efficiency. The other strategy was to design produc ts for the Chinese and design others for the outside market. GE also sources some products from the local Chinese and cut the cost of producing some items. The products were used within China. The products designed for the Chinese were a success and welcome by the Chinese since GE had established a good public image. Consequently, channels of distributions were expanded hence there was significant growth in the infrastructure and transport. With increased revenue, financial services were available hence investments became imminent. India The presence of GE was recognized in India after the company opened up a hydro-power plant a century ago. GE strategy was to offer the goods and services that were not locally available to the Indians. Later, other products were introduced and became a major source of revenue in India. The workforce was very large. The government therefore alleviated taxes, a move that encouraged development. India had begun developing and needed a partner in trade hence the partnering was a major boost for GE. GE was therefore determined to use India’s talent which had developed over a period of time and was willing to exploit its talent. GE strategy in India was developing the human resources. The employees spoke English and demanded very low wages. Though they were educated, they were also given training upon joining the organization. The trained employees were in charge of other employees, a strategy that led to success. This is because the managers were suited to monitor employees belonging to Indian culture and were more effective in management. Promoting the employees to managerial positions encouraged more Indians to embrace education since graduates could be assimilated in the white collar jobs. Other strategies GE used in India included the uses of technology and improved research within the country. Moreover, financing was available and enabled business to grow. The company was customer oriented and provided products needed b y the consumers. Business introduced include among others, e-learning, data analysis and software product. India was keen to welcome business partnership with GE as well as other companies. The goods produced were sold within the country while others were shipped or airlifted to other parts of the world. The main attraction for GE was the savings in the cost of production and the cheap labor that was obtained from the intellectuals in India. Instead of seeing the move to obtain cheap labor from India as a threat to the American employees, GE saw the move as an initiative to globalization (Flat world 2011). The Americans were competing to outsource in the developing world. The developing world saw this as an opportunity to be part of globalization hence they reviewed their policies to enable free trade. The free trade was an opportunity for the investors to become established in other areas while gaining from the cheap labor and reduced taxes that were implemented. As a consequence, Mexico, China and India have been able to provide the citizens with jobs. Moreover they have also gained experience that would have otherwise not obtained since outsourcing has provided such opportunities. Conclusion Globalization has led to economic integration between the developed and the developing world. Outsourcing has enabled the developing world to participate in the global economy and experience economic growth. The developing infrastructure and improvements in the telecommunication which are impacts of globalization have enabled outsourcing to succeed. Communication has become easier and the developments in the transportation led to better distribution of goods produced to both the developing and the developed world. There has been exchange of knowledge and ideas which has led to innovativeness. Moreover, people with different beliefs systems and cultures have interacted and cooperated for trade. The developed world has consequently been affected negatively by outsourcing since a large number of employees have lost jobs. However better products with least price have emerged and have been distributed across the world. GE has been successful in employing its strategy in Mexico, China and India. It has benefited due to the low cost of maintaining employees through lower wages with little or no benefits. The employees have in turn gained training and experience that would have otherwise not obtained. Outsourcing the white collar jobs has been successful and led to success of the economies since the employees have the intellect and are in a better position to manage human resources who belong to their culture. The cost of outsourcing is lower since one requires less capital to establish an organization. Products are produced for use within the country and for exporting to the US. Research has been another strategy which enables GE to be able to innovate and improve on advanced technology and participate in the global competition. In addition targeting the large population is a strategy that has resulted in increased sales and expanded the market. The English speaking employees have obtained advantage and gained employment. Developing infrastructure and telecommunication has led to increased networking. GE has engaged in partnership as well as good relations with the government that have opened opportunities for free trade. The taxes have been eliminated or reduced so as to encourage foreign investment. Reference List Feenstra, R.C., Hanson, G.H., 1996. Globalization, outsourcing, and wage inequality. National Bureau of Economic Research. Web. Flat world., 2011. Benefits of Job outsourcing to 021. Web. IBM Corporation., 2005. Business impact of outsourcing- a fact based analysis. Web. Mann, C. L., 2005. Offshore outsourcing and the Globalization of US Services: why  now, How Important and what policy Implications. Web. Mapsofindia.com., 2010. Impacts of globalization. Web. Raynor, W., 2003. Outsourcing Jobs Off-shore: short and lo ng term consequences. Web. This report on Outsourcing was written and submitted by user Taraji Michael to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Angelas Ashes Comparison

Angelas Ashes Comparison Free Online Research Papers In stressful situations finding a peaceful place may help tone down the chaos of everyday life. In the poem The Lake Isle of Innisfree by William Butler Yeats, the author describes the similar theory of finding a happy place in one’s mind when under pressure. Another example of this idea can be seen in Angela’s Ashes by Frank Mccourt. There are several reason why(theis tha I wrote in skool) In the poem, The Lake Isle of Innisfree, the narrator describes his ideal peaceful getaway. Whether he is on a roadway or on the pavement, he could stop and hear the sounds of the isle. The Lake Isle provides a break from the chaos and madness of the real world. As seen in line seven it is a place where you can lose track of time and know it will still be peaceful. It is a place where he could be alone and just listen to the sounds of the lake water with low sounds by the shore. While everything is changing in the world the author knows the Lake Isle will always be a place he could return to in his mind. Whether it is night or day, he can still hear the sounds of the isle deep in his heart’s core knowing he can return and find some peace there. For Yeats this peaceful place provides him with a chance to mute out reality, and listen to the fantasy of Innisfree. The sounds of the morning crickets and the view of morning changing to night and lossing track of time provides a sense of calmness and getway for the author. It is also a place the author may look forward to. A place that takes his mind of the urban life and thinking of the pleasant rural life, somewhere he may want to travel ravel to escape. In Angela’s Ashes, McCourt dreams of having a better life in America. To achieve this goal McCourt tries to master the skill of finding a peaceful place within his mind. McCourt’s idea of a peaceful place is quite different then Yeat’s, but it follows the same concept. McCourt receives his first wages and it is the first pound he has ever had. After spending his wages on food he realizes that he needs to start saving his money if he ever wants to leave Limerick. This is a difficult task to overcome because of the constant reminder of hunger and starvation. But, instead of thinking about buying food he thinks about what his life could be in America. For McCourt, America is his peaceful place. It is a place where he could start a new life filled with endless dreams. By finding this peaceful place McCourt is able to come closer to his goal and mature in the process. He is also able to take his mind off of the stressful situation he is in. Another example of M cCourt finding a peaceful place starts at a young age. McCourt is fascinated by the tales of Cuchulain that his father tells him. He also enjoys the tales of Samson that he hears from Freddie Leibowitz. By thinking of these tales Frank is able to escape his realistic situation. It almost acts as his insulation against the real world and that is exactly what a peaceful place should do. This is reason why Frank is protective of his stories because by stealing his stories not only are you taking away the only possesion he has, but also his protection from reality. It would be like taking away a shied from a knight in battle. A peaceful place acts as protection against the real world, just like the shield on a knight in battle. In the poem, the narrator often uses the words â€Å"I will go now†, to show that being at peace is a sense of urgency.   According to lines five to eight, the narrator explains how peace is a way in which one forgets the sense of time, and has no interest as to what is going on in the outside world, and yet does not care. He often dreams of this place day and night, and longs to go there. While standing on the roadway, the low sounds by the shore are heard, of the water lapping. Deep down, he can hear this place when he stops to listen, and can imagine himself there. This vision is not the same as being there, and not as peaceful, reasons for why the narrator explains why he has to go to the Lake Isle of Innisfree now! All in all, in order to reach peace, one must find a place to rest and relieve their current problems. Research Papers on Angela's Ashes ComparisonMind TravelThe Spring and AutumnThe Hockey GameAssess the importance of Nationalism 1815-1850 EuropeThe Effects of Illegal ImmigrationAppeasement Policy Towards the Outbreak of World War 2Bionic Assembly System: A New Concept of SelfComparison: Letter from Birmingham and Crito19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraHip-Hop is Art

High School vs College 15 Key Differences

High School vs College 15 Key Differences SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Are you about to start college soon? Are you wondering what changes to expect? How is college different from high school?When you compare high school vs college, you’ll find many differences, some of which are obvious, others less so. It’s important to understand how high school and college are different from each other so you know what to expect and can have a smoother transition when you begin college.In this guide, we explain the 15 most important differences between high school and college and give you tips to help make this major life change a bit less intimidating. How Is College Different From High School? There’s a reason so many movies, shows, and books focus on new college students: many people see the transition from high school to college as one of the most important turning points in their life.You’re no longer a kid living under your parents’ roof; instead you’re an adult living on your own and expected to make real, important decisions about your future. You’ll have a lot more freedom, but a lot will also be expected from you, both in class and out. Read on to learn specific high school vs college differences. High School vs College: 15 Key Differences Below are 15 high school vs college differences you’ll likely encounter once you begin college. There are pros and cons to both high school and college, but knowing what to expect will make you better prepared for this big change. #1: You’ll Have More Independence The biggest change for high school vs. college is that, in college, you’ll have much more independence than you had in high school. Many people focus on the fact that you’ll be living away from your parents, and this is a part of it, but you’ll have independence in many other areas as well. You’ll have the freedom to decide what you want to major in, which classes you want to take, when you want to schedule those classes, if you want to go out with your friends, how late you want to stay out, even what you want to eat in the dining hall. (I ate Reese’s Puffs cereal every day for four years because my parents never allowed it and I was thrilled to finally be able to have it for breakfast.) #2: You’ll Be Treated Like an Adult Along with your increased independence, you’ll also be treated like an adult in college as opposed to a child under your parents’ care. In college, you’ll no longer need to bring your parents permission slips to sign, you’ll be trusted to make your own choices for what you want to study, and you can arrange meetings yourself, without Mom and Dad helping you. For many students, it’s exciting to finally be viewed as an adult, but it also means an increase in responsibilities. If you have a problem with or question about homework, classes, a grade you got, etc.,you are the one who will need to solve it. You can’t expect your parents to call the school and fix the problem for you like they may have done in high school. #3: There Will Be a Wider Variety of Classes to Choose From In high school, you didn’t have a lot of choice in regards to which classes you took. You could probably choose a few electives, but your schedule was mostly filled with the standard math, science, English, and social studies requirements that all students had to take. In college, even if you attend a smaller school, you’ll have many more options. They’ll be a wider variety of classes to choose from, and many of them will focus on more specific topics like astronomy, ancient Roman history, French literature, the geography of the United States, and more.Many college students like this increase in class options since it makes it easier for them to choose classes on topics they’re really interested in. #4: Classes Will Have Different Formats and Sizes Each class you took in high school probably had about the same number of students and consisted mostly of lecturing, maybe along with some individual or group work. This isn’t true in college.Classes can range from two to 500 students, and their format can vary widely as well. Classes may be completely lecture-based, require hands-on lab work, or be discussion-based where you spend most of class time engaged in conversations or debates with your classmates and professor. #5: Your Schedule Will Be More Complicated In high school, school started and ended the same time every day, and your class schedule was probably the same for every day of the week.In college, things get a little trickier. Some classes meet three times a week for an hour and a half, some meet five times a week for an hour, some meet once a week for three hours, etc.This means you’ll likely be starting and ending class at different times during the week, and you may end up with a different class schedule for every day of the week. Some people like the variety this gives them, but it’s important to stay on top of your schedule so you don’t wind up forgetting to attend class. #6: You’ll Have a New Set of Classmates One of the most jarring things for many new college students is they’re no longer surrounded by classmates and friends they’ve known for years. Instead, you’ll be in a sea of strangers (at least at first), many of whom come from different areas and backgrounds than you. Additionally, you'll likely have a different set of classmates for each of your classes. That's a lot of new faces! This means you have lots of opportunity for making all kinds of friends, but expect there to be some awkwardness and loneliness at first as everyone gets to know each other and figures out their friend groups.Additionally, since in college everyone wants to be there (at least on some level), you may find your college classmates more motivated and dedicated to doing well in school compared to some of your high school peers. #7: Classes Will Require More Critical Thinking Is college hard compared to high school? Going to college isn’t just like attending four more years of high school. This is a big step up in your education, and your classes will be more challenging and expect you to keep up.You’ll be tested less on memorization and basic regurgitation of facts and more on critical thinking skills and being able to apply what you learned in class to other situations. You may learn a specific math equation and then be asked to apply that knowledge to more challenging types of equations, learn about different historical events and be asked to analyze how they affected future events, learn a scientific process and be asked to describe how it affects the environment, etc. #8: College Costs More There’s no way around it; college definitely costs more than high school. Tuition is thousands of dollars, and you’ll likely be paying for room and board as well. And those are just the main costs. College requires all sorts of smaller purchases too, like special goggles for your chemistry lab or official test taking booklets for final exams. Buying just one college textbook (often over $100) is enough to never let you take for granted all free materials you got in high school. #9: You’ll Spend Less Time in Class Most full-time college students spend about 15-20 hours in class a week, which comes out to about three or four hours a day. This is probably much less time than you spent in high school classes every day which means you’ll have a lot more unscheduled time to spend how you think is best. #10: You’ll Have More Schoolwork Don’t get too excited about spending less time in class; college definitely knows how to keep you busy. The general rule of thumb is that you’ll spend about three hours a week on schoolwork for every one hour of class you’re in. With a standard schedule of 15 credits, that means you can expect to spend 45 hours a week on schoolwork, about as much as a full-time job!This is often much more work than students had in high school, so you should be prepared for an adjustment. #: Attendance Will Be Up to You In high school, you had to go to class every day because if you didn’t, you could get in trouble for truancy or (sometimes even more frightening) your parents could find out.In college, there are no requirements for attending class, and no one is going to call your parents if you don’t show up.However, don’t make the mistake some college students do and think this means you don’t need to go to class. Many professors include attendance as part of your grade, and some will even fail you if you miss a certain number of classes without a valid excuse. Plus, it’s often very difficult to do well in a class if you never show up, and you’re paying a lot of money for these classes! Make sure you get the most out of them that you can. #12: You’ll Have More Social Opportunities Even if you were a social butterfly in high school, you’ll have tons more opportunities to be social and make friends in college. There will be sports teams to join, parties to go to, clubs you can be part of, and more.Most colleges are large enough to have something for everyone, so you’re bound to find an activity you’re interested in, whether that’s a recreational hockey team, the student government group, a club focused on promoting renewable energy, and more. There are also likely many more students at your college than there were at your high school, so your opportunities for making friends will multiply as well. However, you do need to make an effort to get the most out of these opportunities. Push yourself to try new things and strike up conversations with new people, and if you're feeling nervous, just remember that they're likely feeling the same way. Standard questions to ask new people you meet in college include: Where are you from? What dorm do you live in? What are you majoring in? Get ready to ask and be asked these questions a lot! #13: It’ll Be Harder to Stand Out Once you start college, you won’t be a big fish in a small pond anymore, and it’ll be harder to stand out from the crowd.While in high school you may have been the star student/athlete/singer, in college you’ll be surrounded by many talented classmates, many of whom were also the best at something in high school.Some students struggle with no longer automatically standing out, but there are plenty of benefits to this. First, you’ll be able to bond with other students who are also skilled at your talent. If you were, say, the star drama student at your high school, you may not hold the same position in college, but you can befriend all the other high school drama stars and create some awesome shows together. Additionally, some students like the anonymity being a new college student brings. If you’ve been labelled as a jock or theater nerd for all of high school, going to collegewhere people don’t know youallows you to shed or alter that identity if you wish and try new things (or try the same things with less pressure). #14: You’ll Get Fewer Grades in Class In high school, you probably had daily homework assignments you had to complete and got a grade for. These, along with some larger projects, quizzes, and tests made up your final class grade. If you got a low score in one, it was usually fine since there were plenty of other chances to make up for the low grade. Once you start college, you may find that many classes have far fewer assignments, meaning you’ll receive fewer grades and each of those grades are worth more.Instead of regular homework assignments and quizzes, many college classes are based only on a midterm grade and a final grade. This means you need to take those exams/papers/projects very seriously because if you mess up on one of them it’ll be very hard to raise your class grade back to where you want it to be. #15: You’ll Be Doing Lots of Reading You know those pictures of exhausted-looking students sitting next to a pile of textbooks they need to get through? That’s how many college students feel.Expect to do lots of reading in college, including textbooks, journal articles, and literature.If you’re majoring in a field like computer science or math you can expect less reading (and more homework), but you’re still guaranteed to have at least a few classes where you’re assigned to read a couple dozen textbook pages before the next class. You’ll get to know your school’s library very well. Tips for Making the Transition From High School to College Going from high school to college can be tough no matter how excited you are to start at your new school. Below are three tips to help make the transition easier. Know There Will Be Changes You’ve already taken one of the most important steps to prepare for transitioning from high school to college: you’re expecting and preparing for the differences.When you know that the high school to college transition will bring major changes, you'll be more prepared for anything that comes your way. Be Prepared for Some Bumps Many movies about college make it seem like new college students immediately find a group of close friends, know exactly what they want to study, and have an awesome social life. In reality, it rarely works like this.Many new college students have moments where they feel awkward, lonely, and homesick. This is completely normal; after all you’re making a major life change. By managing your expectations of college and not expecting to love it right away, you can better manage the transition from high school to college and not end up disappointed when it takes a little while to feel comfortable. Put Yourself Out There When you first start college, there will be a lot of changes, and it’ll be easy to hang out in your dorm room and text with your high school friends. However, you should resist this urge. College is probably the best time you’ll ever have to meet new people and try new things, so you should take full advantage. Keep your dorm room door open to meet your neighbors. Strike up a conversation with your chemistry lab partner. Join a club or sport you’ve never tried before.Not only will this make the transition from high school to college easier since you’ll be meeting more people, you may discover a new friend or hobby. What's Next? Not sure which college you want to go to? Check out our guide on choosing the right college so you can make the best decision. Stressing over college applications? We're here to help! Our step-by-step guide breaks down the complete college application process from start to finish. Worried about choosing a major on your college applications? Learn how to navigate the process and make an informed decision. Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points or your ACT score by 4 points?We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

Should smok ban in campus Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Should smok ban in campus - Essay Example On the other hand opponents argue that smoking is bad not only for the individual himself but can harm the whole society. It is for this very reason that a smoking ban in campus has been implemented in many colleges and states. This essay would further revolve around the ban of smoking in campus and would provide my personal opinion regarding it. It is seen that the colleges which are implementing the ban advocate it because of its influence on the healthy environment in the campus. The authorities put forward that smoking creates an unhealthy environment which can affect individuals in a bad way and hence the bans are implemented to promote an environment in which people do not undergo suffocation. Smoking is an act which poses severe health consequences to the human being. One of five deaths in the United States are considered to be because of smoking (American Cancer Society 2004). The health authorities believe that smoking is causing addiction all over the world and it should be stopped somehow. Campus ban is supported by individuals who believe that smoking in a public place can have a bad influence on the overall environment. Research has been carried out to find out the effect of smoking on the health of individuals who do not smoke. Proponents of the ban put forward that smoking in campus can pose the risk of passive smoking to others and in many cases this has also lead to asthmatic attacks (National Health Survey 1994). They bring forward laws which provide every human life in this world with the right that they should not be exposed to carcinogens which would affect their health and if this ban on smoking does not take place then these individuals would be exposed to the carcinogens of cigarette (U.S Department of Health and Human Services). They also bring forward other harms which may be caused by cigarette smoke to the society. The cigarette butts that are left behind by the smoker can be a cause of fire at many places and by imposing ban on smok ing the government can ensure that these incidents are avoided (Daily Courier 2004). On the other hand the opponents of a ban on smoking in the campus have other views regarding smoking. In 2009 students of the University of Kentucky launched a campaign against the ban of smoking in the campus by smoking cigarettes openly. The ban has been met with great resistance by the students as they believe that they have a right to smoke if they wish to do that (Cruz 2009). The students believe that by banning smoking in the campus the authorities are intervening in the personal life of the students. According to them measures to curb smoking in the campus is just costing money and this money can be used elsewhere for a better purpose. These students believe that other important aspects of the university should be rather maintained instead of wasting the money on a smoking ban. One of the smokers Janelle Johnson from Sioux Falls was stated as saying "You could do so much more with that money. Like pave the parking lots because the parking lots suck" (Murray 2005). The students believe that they are not posing any threat to anyone when smoking in the campus as the campus does not have children which may be found in outdoor places such as restaurants. At one instance it is also found that the non smokers do not support a complete ban on the in campus smoking. One of the non smokers from St Paul was stated as say

Interrelationship between Leadership and Organizational Commitment Literature review - 1

Interrelationship between Leadership and Organizational Commitment - Literature review Example Leadership is an ability to persuade any group towards the attainment of goals. In the year 1964, Tannenbaum and others have considered leadership as an influential factor in human relations. Leadership is an attribute guiding a group of people to achieve preset goals through communication. According to Fiedler, leadership can be assumed to be a type of relationship to make the group members work together and achieve common goal. Rauch and Behling in 1984 and Hsieh in the year 1993 considered leadership as a process to influence any group to approach the goals. Since twentieth century, a number of theories and literature had been introduced to prove different standpoints. Four major perspectives had been shown through these theories. Some of the theories are articulated in the later segment (Wu et. al., 2006, p.438- 440). In 1957, Halpin and Winer had introduced two dimensions, initiating consideration and structure. Following the same, a number of studies conducted by Stogdill, Like rt and Kotter also introduced certain behavioral attributes of leadership. In the year 1967, Fiedler has introduced the contingency model of leadership. In the year 1971, House came up with a path-goal theory by extracting details from the research carried out by Ohio State University as well as the expectancy theory of motivation. In the year 1977, Blackchard and Hersey introduced situational leadership theory considering two leadership sides. On the other hand, transformational leaders possess significant personal.

Comment closely on the following poem Essay Example for Free

Comment closely on the following poem Essay The Self-Unseeing portrays Hardy reminiscing over his childhood life with his parents. In the first stanza, the setting their old house is described in a way that conveys a sense of age and weariness, through such words and phrases as ‘ancient’ (emphasizing the age), ‘footworn and hollowed and thin’ (alluding to the emptiness which has overtaken it through the passage of time after it has been abandoned), ‘former’ (revealing the extent of change in the house, eg. by the door no longer being there), and ‘dead feet’ (those of his parents). At this point in the poem Hardy speaks in the present tense from the outside of the house, in order to convey its emptiness to the reader. The second stanza ignores these aspects of the house, instead focusing on his memories of his parents, which contrast with the first stanza by filling the house with life and action. A happier mood is created here, through a sense of warmth created by the fire, and his mother’s smile, which, along with his father’s playing the violin (‘bowing it higher and higher’), shows the happiness he felt while living with his parents. The musical effect of the violin is also complemented by that of the smooth-flowing ‘abab‘ rhyme scheme. The present tense verbs ‘smiling’ and ‘bowing’ imply that these memories were vivid, as if by introducing the setting to the reader he is reliving them. Hardy’s reference to his parents using the pronouns ‘she’ and ‘he’ rather than their actual names transforms the personal tragedy of the death of his parents to a universal one to which the reader can more easily relate. However, this tragedy is buried beneath the warm, welcoming mood established by the aforementioned use of language in this stanza. Hardy illuminates these memories in the final stanza with light imagery ‘blessings’ (which tend to be associated with heaven and therefore light), ‘day’, ‘glowed’, ‘gleam’, which underscore the joyful feelings previously evoked. This use of light imagery serves as a metaphor to reveal how Hardy, ‘childlike’, ‘danced in a dream’, and overall, the diction shows that his memories had a dazzling and pensive quality. However, it can be seen from the concluding line, ‘Yet we were looking away! ’, that he feels remorseful for not fully appreciating what he had at the time. It is this line which gives meaning to the poem’s title he (the ‘self’) was ‘unseeing’ and could not see the true value of his life with his parents. This makes the light imagery all the more powerful, as Hardy uses it to show that he is now able to see what he was unable to in his childhood. His newfound appreciation for his memories is also evident in the first stanza, where ‘here is’ and ‘here was’ sorrowfully reveal the setting of which he is about to reminisce. Overall, Hardy’s memories are presented in this poem with both regret and happiness. The phrase ‘hollowed and thin’ in the first stanza, in light of this regret, describes the likely state of his soul following the loss of his parents. The regret is subtle at first, but becomes much more apparent after reading the last line; it is as if Hardy uses this line to allow the reader to look back (as he had looked back on his past) and be filled with regret through this reflection. The past-tense verbs ‘walked’, ‘sat’, and ‘stood’, which are simply describing what once was, become tinged with regret (as if mourning) upon a second glance. In contrast, the passive verbs ‘danced’, ‘emblazoned’, and ‘glowed’ preserve their cheerful connotations, which suggest that to Hardy, reminiscence is a bittersweet experience. This idea is supported by the structure of the poem: three quatrains with ‘abab’ rhyme schemes; although the rhyme scheme establishes a sense of reminiscence, there are emotions both positive and negative associated with it. The simple pattern of it also mirrors the simplicity and naivety of childhood. The structure, rhythm, and diction of the poem thus convey a powerful message that pleasant experiences will eventually become memories, carrying both the happiness of their past occurrence and the regret and sadness of knowing that their time is past.

Racism in The Color of Fear Essay example -- Color Fear Film Movie Rac

Racism in The Color of Fear Let’s start with the definition of racism. Racism refers to the belief that race is the primary determinant of human capacities, that a certain race is inherently superior or inferior to others, and/or that individuals should be treated differently based on their ascribed race. There are two main issues in the movie the â€Å"The Color of Fear† that I will discuss. These two issues include grouping people of color on the basis of the way one looks, and the attitudes of different races towards one another. Including also the idea that the white â€Å"do-gooder† feels that subconsciously racism is being taken care of, when in all reality it isn’t. The eight men in The Color of Fear candidly discussed racism not only as "whites oppressing blacks," but also the less addressed sides of racial trouble in America. A white man earnestly stating that he had never oppressed anyone in his entire life, and a Hispanic man talking about being afraid of driving in front of pickup trucks with gun racks, shows how there needs to be more progress towards ending these feelings in America. Stereotypes were openly declared, from Asians as "the model minority" to blacks as "lazy, violent, and dangerous." So the first issue is mainly a white culture problem; white people like to categorize those who do not look white and put the non whites into groups based on the color of their skin. Whites like to group together that which they do not understand. Man has been taugh...

Grapes of Wrath

Krystal Giffen The Grapes of Wrath Part 1: Literary Analysis 1. A. â€Å"†¦Ã¢â‚¬ËœWhat’s this call, this sperit? ’ An’ I says, ‘It’s love†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (page 23, Chapter 4). This quote is an example of an metaphor. The use of this metaphor was to show the reader why the preacher doesn’t preach anymore. The effect the metaphor had on the reader was, for them to see how the preacher really viewed ‘the sperit’. B. â€Å"One cat’ takes and shoves ten families out. Cat’s all over hell now†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (pg. 8, Chapter 2). This quote is an example of symbolism. The truck driver uses the animal cat to describe the people who tractor out croppers from their crops and homes.The effect of using a cat to describe someone was negative. The cat description made the reader view the person who tractors out croppers as evil, cunning and thoughtless. C. â€Å"†¦ The Bank -or the Company-needs-wants-insists-must have -as though the Bank or the Company were a monster, with thought and feeling which had ensnared them. † (pg. 31, Chapter 5). This quote is an example of an epic simile. The use of his simile is to show the reader that the Bank or Company that takes the land acts as a monster, being mean and cold. D. â€Å"Can you live without the willow tree? Well, no, you can’t.The willow tree is you. The pain of that mattress there – that dreadful pain – that’s you. † (pg. 89, Chapter 9). This quote is an example of a metaphor. The use of this metaphor is to relate all of the families belongings to them, that the belongings are indeed part of them. The effect of this metaphor is to show the reader how much the families belongings actually meant to them. E. â€Å"Damn it,’ he said, ‘a pick is a nice tool (umph), if you don’ fight it (umph). You an’ the pick (umph) workin’ together (umph)’ (pg. 298, Chapter 22). This quote is an example of Epizeuxis.The use and effect of this epizeuxis is to show emphasis on how heavy the pick was and how hard it was to work back then. The epizeuxis helps the reader image Tom working in the hot sun with the heavy pick, working for just twenty-five cents an hour. 2. A. â€Å"You know the land is poor. You’ve scrabbled at it long enough, God knows. The squatting tenant men nodded and wondered and drew figures in the dust, and yes, they knew, God knows†¦ The owner men went on leading to their point: You know the land’s getting poorer†¦ If they could only rotate the crops they might pump blood back into the land.Well, it’s too late†¦ A man can hold land if he can just eat and pay taxes; he can do that. Yes, he can do that until his crops fail one day and he has to borrow money from the bank†¦ a bank or a company can’t do that, because those creatures don’t breathe air, don’t eat side-meat. They breather profi ts; they eat the interest on money†¦ Can’t we just hang on? Maybe the next year will be a good year. God knows how much cotton next year†¦ Next year, maybe†¦ We can’t depend on it. The bank-the monster has to have profits all the time. It can’t wait. It’’ die.No, taxes go on†¦ The tenant system won;t work anymore†¦ You’ll have to get off the land. The plow’ll go through the dooryard† (pg. 33, Chapter 5). The significance of this passage is that it shows how the Banks would take the land from the croppers and how the croppers were crushed. This passage relates to the work as a whole because it shows the reader how the migration to the west started, how hundreds of families would get evicted from their land and forced to move elsewhere. B. â€Å" ‘Who’s in here? ’ Ma asked. ‘What is it you want, mister? ’ ‘What you think I want?I want to know who’s in here. â €™ ‘Why, they’s jus’ us three in here. Ma an’ Granma an’ my girl. ’ ‘Where’s your men? ’ ‘Why they went down to clean up. We was drivin’ all night. ’ ‘Where’d you come from? ’ ‘Right near Sallisaw, Oklahoma. ’ ‘Well, you can’t stay here. ’ ‘We aim to get out tonight an’ cross the desert, mister. ’ ‘Well you better. If you’re here tomorra this time I’ll run you in. We don’t want none of you settlin’ down here. ’†¦ ‘Mister,’ she said, ‘ you got a tin button an’ a gun. Where I come from, you keep your voice down. ’ She advanced on him with the skillet.He loosened the gun in the holster. ‘Go ahead,’ said Ma. ‘Scarin women/ I’m thankful the men folks ain’t here. They’d tear ya to pieces. In my country you watch your tongue. ’ The man took two steps backward. ‘Well, you ain’t in your country now. You’re in California, an’ we don’t want you goddamn Okies settlin’ down. ’ †¦ ‘Yeah, Okies! An’ if you’re here when I come tomorra, I’ll run ya in† (pg. 215, Chapter 18). The significance of this passage is it shows how life changed so much once the Joads moved west, they were in someone else’s territory now.This passage shows how the Joads would have to change the way they acted since they moved to California. This passage relates to the work as a whole because it shows the reader how difficult and cruel it was to move to the West back during the dust bowl. People weren’t treated equally because of were they came from and how poor they were. C. â€Å"They had no more the stomach-tearing lust for the rich acre and a shining blade to plow it, for seed and a windmill beating its wings in the air. T hey arose in the dark no more to hear the sleepy birds’ first chittering, and the morning wind dear acres.These things were lost, nd crops were rechoned in dollars, and land was valued by principal plus interest, and crops were bought and sold before they were planted. Then crop failure, drought, and flood were no longer little deaths within life, but simple losses of money. And all their love was thinned with money, and all their fierceness dribbled away in interest until they were no longer farmers at all, but little shopkeepers of crops, little manufacturers who must sell before they can make. Then those farmers who were not good shopkeepers lost their land to good shopkeepers.No matter how clever, how loving a man might be with earth and growing things, he could not survive if he were not also a good shopkeeper. And as time went on, the business men had the farms, and the farms grew larger, but there were fewer of them† (pg. 231-232, Chapter 19). The significance of this passage is it shows the reader how the land used to be owned by people, farmers, who loved the land and cared for the land but it turned into a business over the years. Farming wasn’t about the feel or love anymore, it was all about money.This passage relates to the work as a whole because the whole book is about how money can affect people, how ownership can turn into something terrible and turn people against each other. D. â€Å"She sat down and opened the box. Inside were letters, clippings, photographs, a pair of earrings a little gold signet ring and a watch chain braided of hair and tipped with gold swivels†¦ For a long time she held the box, looking over it, and her fingers disturbed the letters and then lined them up again†¦ And at last she made up her mind†¦ She took a letter from an envelope and dropped the trinkets in the envelope.She folded the envelope and put it in her dress pocket†¦ She lifted the stove lid and laid the box gently am ong the coals. Quickly the heat browned the paper†¦ She replaced the stove lid and instantly the fire sighed up and breather over the box† (pg. 108, Chapter 10). The significance of this passage is it shows the reader how it’s so hard for the Joad’s to just give up all their belongings and leave. This relates to the story as a whole because it show’s how during the dust bowl you had to give up a lot if you wanted to survive. E. â€Å"I know, Ma. I’m a-tryin’.But them deputies- Did you ever see a deputy that didn’ have a fat ass? An’ they waggle their ass an’ flop their gun aroun’. Ma,’ he said, ‘if it was the law they was workin’ with, why, we could take it. But it ain’t the law. They’re a-workin’ away at our spirits. They’re a-tryin’ to make us cringe an’ crawl like a whipped bitch. They tryin’ to break us. Why, Jesus Christ, Ma, they comes a time when the on’y way a fella can keep his decency is by takin’ a sock at a cop. They’re workin’ on our decency† (pg. 278-279, Chapter 20). The significance of this passage is it shows how even the law was corrupt do to greediness.The deputies were corrupt so they could eat, feed their family and feel powerful. This passage relates to the work as a whole because it shows how people change once hunger and stable living comes into play. The people who have nothing are honest and look out for each other while people who have something do everything in their power to keep it, even if that means corrupting what’s right. Part 2: Plot, Setting, Themes and Vocabulary 3. Tom Joad- A young man, the favorite child of the Joad family. Tom went to jail for killing a man at a bar fight, but he got put on parole after 4 years in prison for his good record.He doesn’t regret what he did, he even says he’d do it again if he had to. Tom is the one who guides his family throughout the book, acting as the protector of the family. 4. Tom’s purpose in the story was to lead the Joad family to California and to make sure he could do everything in his well-being to make living possible for him and his family. Tom is a dynamic character, he changes when there are different people around. He knows when he needs to keeps pushing or when he needs to stop. 5. Tom is related to the majority of the other characters.Toms relationship with Casy is that they met when Tom was searching for his family, and they helped each other out because they knew what each other was going through. Tom and Floyd are very similar in that they want they same thing, they want to do good for their family. Tom was the once who suggested that Ivy and Sairy Wilson travel with the Joads. Muley Graves- A former neighbor of the Joads. Helped Tom find his family when he first got out of jail. Muley got evicted from his house just like the Joads but he could ’t leave the land, his family left him for California. 4.Muley’s function in the story was to help Tom find his family when he got out of jail and went back home. Muley was a static character who just showed his anger towards the bankers and Willy. 5. Muley was the Joad’s neighbor back in Oklahoma, and used to go to church where Casy was the preacher. Ma Joad- Ma Joad is the mother of the Joad family, she’s the one who is trying to keep the family together throughout the whole book. She takes on all her motherly duties without the blink of an eye. She is tough and won’t get pushed around easily but doesn’t know when not to speak up when she is getting pushed around. . Ma’s purpose in the story was to hold the family together and be strong when no one else could. She helped the family stay together though all the tough times. Ma was a dynamic character who changes a lot throughout the story. She was very quiet at the being of the story but once the story progressed she got more vocal and outspoken. 5. Ma is the mother of all the Joad family. She used to bring the Joad’s to the church that Casy used to preach at. The Wilson’s helped Ma out by sharing the food they had with the whole Joad family.Pa Joad- The tenant farmer who got evicted from his farm, the father of the Joad family and married to Ma Joad. Once he got evicted he focused on getting the family to California. Once they got to California Pa wasn’t able to find work and became weaker than Ma and became desperate. 4. Pa’s purpose was to help the family get to California and find work once they got there. Since Pa didn’t find work, he helped Ma out. Pa is a static character who doesn’t change much during the book. 5. Pa is the father of the Joad father and went to the church that Cast used to preacher at.Pa helped any way he could with the Wilson’s car when it was broken-down. Jim Casy- Jim was a former prea cher until he gave it up because he got to thinking that ‘the sperit’ he believed in so much was just love, and the other spirit wasn’t in him anymore. He goes along with the Joad family to California but before he could find a job he got arrested to protect Tom during a fight between laborers and a deputy from the California police. During the trip to California he helps the Joad family out a lot by praying for both Granma and Granpa Joad when they passed. 4.Casy’s purpose in the story was to the Joad family by praying when it needed to be done like at Granma and Granpa Joad’s deaths. Casy was a dynamic character because at the beginning of the story he was alone because he didn’t want to preach anymore but as the story moved on he preached when he had to and he also saved Tom and Floyd by giving himself in. 5. Jim Casy used to the preacher that the Joad family used to go to, he baptized Tom when he was younger. Casy helped Floyd out by givi ng himself up instead of letting Tom and Floyd take the blame. Casy was the preacher of Muley’s family too.Noah Joad- The first born of the Joad family. He was deformed at birth because Pa panicked during the delivery and tried to pull him out. He felt that he wasn’t as loved as the other Joad children so he left the family at a stream near the California border, saying he was better off there. 4. Noah’s purpose in the story was to help the family get to California. Noah could be both a dynamic or a static character because throughout the whole story he didn’t change much but at the river he took a bold step and left the family. 5. Noah was the oldest son of the Joad family, who used to go see Casy preach.Noah never met Floyd and Muley used to be his neighbor. Rose of Sharon (Rosasharn)- the oldest daughter in the Joad family who is married to Connie. She journeys to California with Connie and the Joad family while being pregnant. The couple imagines how life will be once they get to California but once reality hits Connie abandons her during their first stop in California, and her baby is born dead. 4. Rose of Sharon’s purpose in the book was to be strong when so many bad things happen in life all at once. Rose of Sharon showed how you had to be mature and strong even though live was tough.Rose of Sharon was a dynamic character because at first she was love struck but then she started acting immature and babyish. But by the end of the book she matured and was a strong woman. 5. Rose of Sharon was the oldest daughter in the Joad family. She used to be preached by Jim Casy and was married the Connie. Ivy and Sairy Wilson were friends while they traveled together. Connie- He is Rose of Sharon’s husband who has unrealistic dreams with his wife. He dreams too much and soon abandons Rose of Sharon to go study tractors and to hopefully get paid 3 dollars and hour. His leaving surprises only Rose of Sharon. . Connie’s purpose in the story was to leave the Joad family to show how stress, depression and money can really move some people. Connie was also a dynamic character because he was ‘in love’ with Rose of Sharon for the whole story until they got to California and reality hit that getting a job was harder than they both thought. Connie left the Joad family in hopes that he would be able to make 3 dollars a day back in Oklahoma. 5. Connie was married to Rose of Sharon making him a brother in-law and son in-law of the Joad family. Casy was just an acquaintance of Connie. Connie never met Muley or Floyd.Granma Joad- Granma loved having Casy around because she was a Christian. She too loved to torment Granpa Joad just like he did her. Once Granpa died she started to slowly die herself, she dies right after the Joad family reaches California. 4. Granma’s purpose in the story was to show even though she was dying the family never left her behind because she was family. Granma was static character because while Granpa was alive all they did was rise hell with each other but once he didn’t she got sick and didn’t talk or do much. 5. Granma Joad was the mother of Pa and the Granma of the Joad children.She loved Casy because she was a devoted Christian and he was a preacher. Granma Joad appreciated the help of the Wilson’s during Granpa’s death. Granma never met Floyd. Granpa Joad- He was the one who ran the Indian’s off of the land to make the Joad farm possible, is now old and feeble. He loves to torment his wife and family. He is connected to the land and didn’t want to leave it for California, but Tom drugged him to get him to come. On their first stop along the journey Granpa dies of a stroke, most likely a heat stroke. 4. Granpa’s purpose in the story was to show his love for the land was stronger that anything else.Once he left the land he got sick and died. Granpa was a dynamic character because during th e whole story he would just rise hell for the whole family but then once he was about to die he broke down and started crying. 5. Granpa Joad was the father of Pa and the Granpa of the Joad children. Granpa like Casy because he would pray for his wife. Granpa Joad never really met the Wilson’s but they helped him out tremendously by giving him a tent to die in. Granpa never met Floyd and was the neighbor of Muley. Al Joad- 16-year old son of the Joad family. His main interest is in girls and cars.He was responsible for the whole family on the long voyage to California because the car was his responsibility. If something happened to the car it would have been his fault, resulting in the suffering of his family. He looks up to Tom throughout the book, but soon becomes his own man. He falls in love with Agnes Wainwright while working and stays with her instead of leaving with his family. 4. Al’s purpose in the story was to help keep the car running on their journey to Cal ifornia. Al made sure the car kept running all the way to California and made sure it never broke down.Al was a dynamic character because he was some what immature at the beginning of the story but he ended up acting very mature by the end of the story. He was idolized Tom, but soon grew up to be his own man. 5. Al was the middle son of the Joad family. He helped Floyd fix his car before they had to flee the Hooverville. Al helped the Wilson’s by fixing their car too. Casy made sure Al wasn’t around when he got arrested so their wouldn’t be any connection to Tom. Ivy and Sairy Wilson- The Joads met the Wilson’s on their first night stop on their journey to California.Both of the Wilson’s were sweet and nice, they lent their tent to the Joad’s so that Granpa Joad would have a comfortable place to die. To return the favor Al and Tom fixed their broken-down car, and then they two families decided to travel to California together. During the jou rney their car break down again and Al and Tom fix it again but before they can move on the Wilson’s said they couldn’t move on because of Sairy’s health. 4. The Wilson’s purpose in the story was to help the Joad family by sharing their food and their car with them. The Wilson’s showed the reader that even during these tough times people could still be nice.The Wilson’s were static characters always being helpful but knew because of Sairy’s health they would eventually have to stop. 5. The Wilson’s relationship with the Joad family was they helped each other out, they were friends. The Wilson’s liked Casy because before the Joad’s left the Wilson’s Casy prayed for Sairy even though he didn’t want to. The Wilson’s never met Muley or Floyd. Uncle John- Pa’s brother who is crazy, stringy and mean. John is filled with guilt and shame because years ago he didn’t get a doctor for his 4 month pregnant wife who complained of stomach pains and died the day after from a ruptured appendix.He blames himself for her death and because of it his loneliness cuts him off from people and his appetite. 4. Uncle John’s purpose in the story was to help out in any way he could but to also show selfishness when he got depressed. Uncle John was a static character because throughout the whole story he just felt guilty and ashamed of what he did so long ago. 5. Uncle John was Pa’s brother and the Uncle of the Joad family. He talked to Casy about his sins a few times and appreciated the advice of Casy. Uncle John was the neighbor of Muley and never really met Floyd.Ruthie Joad- The sencond and youngest Joad daughter who has almost a twin-like relationship with her younger brother Winfield. During the book they do almost everything together, they feed off of each other’s energy. 4. Ruthie’s purpose in the story was to help out Ma in any way she could and so me what look after Winfield whenever they were together. Ruthie was a dynamic character because at the beginning of the story she acted fearless but during the story we found out she was only fearless with Winfield by her side. She also acted immaturely and didn’t think things through before she spoke. 5.Ruthie was the youngest daughter of the Joad family and used to be preacher by Casy. The Wilson’s were companions of hers, Muley was her old neighbor and she never really met Floyd. Winfield Joad- He is the youngest Joad at the age of ten. He does everything with Ruthie. 4. Winfield’s purpose was to help Ma out in any way he could. Winfield was the youngest child in the story and had to grow up during these tough times making it hard to act like normal ten year-old. Winfield was a static character because he was just a child throughout the whole story. 5. Winfield was the youngest child of the Joad family.He traveled with the Wilson’s and Casy but never t alked out associated with them much. Muley used to be Winfield’s neighbor and he never really met Floyd. Floyd Knowles- A migrant worker who Tom meets at the first Hooverville. He gives Tom word on a job up north. His outspokenness gets him into an argument with a deputy where Casy gets arrested for him and Tom’s sake. 4. Floyd’s purpose in the book was to help the Joad’s find work and to work with Tom in making labor unions. Floyd was a dynamic character because he seemed go know when to stop talked when he first got introduced but once the deputy came into the story he was outspoken. . Floyd helped the Joad family out by giving them word on work up north. Casy gave himself in for Floyd and Tom. Floyd never met the Wilson’s or Muley. Part 3: Plot, Setting, Themes and Vocabulary 6. The central settings of the story were in Oklahoma and California. The significance of Oklahoma was that was where the whole story started. Oklahoma was were the Joad fa mily grew up but they got evicted from their house. Oklahoma got changed while they were living there. Granpa Joad stole the land and then the land got stolen from him but the Bank Company.Oklahoma was not there home anymore so they moved on to California. California was described as beautiful land with plenty of jobs available. But once they reached California they learned that the land was beautiful but the people who owned it were not. California was dirty land because of the people who ran it. California wasn’t what the Joad’s expected and they wanted to change that, and Tom eventually did. 7. The exposition of Grapes of Wrath is Tom gets paroled out of jail and goes to find his family. He finds out both his family and his Uncle got evicted from their homes so they travel to California for work.The main conflict throughout the whole book is the drought of the Dust Bowl, which results in hundreds of families getting evicted from their homes and being forced to move west. The Joad family was one of those hundreds of families who had to move. The rising action in the story is the journey of the Joad family to California. Once in California the Joad family has a hard time finding work, and at the first Hooverville get into an argument with a local deputy, resulting in Casy getting arrested. The family lives at a government camp for a while but then move on to find work.One night there was a strike at an orchard and Tom finds Casy there. Casy gets murdered by one of the policeman that was trying to stop the strike. In response, Tom kills the policeman in spite, which is the climax of the story. Tom becomes an outlaw and has to hide from the world to protect his family. In the end Tom ends up running, leaving the rest of his family to escape and be free, which is the resolution of the story. 8. The major themes presented in the work are Bad treatment of the migrant workers, also known as the Okies; the Survival of Kinship and Growth and Maturity.Ba d treatment of the migrant workers in one of the major themes in the Grapes of Wrath because all of the Okies looking for work would be smaller wages and would have to live in Hoovervilles. The workers barely made it by because of how badly they were being treated and paid but the California police and land owners. An example of this would be how the first deputy treated Floyd and Tom because they were outspoken. The Survival of Kinship is also another major theme in the Grapes of Wrath because Ma tries to keep the family together no matter what. During the Dust Bowl all you could count on was your family, no one else.Family is the only thing the Okies really had left, so they would do anything in there power to stay together. An example of keeping the family together would be when Tom had to knock Uncle John out to have him move up north with the rest of the family. Growth and Maturity was also a major theme in the Grapes of Wrath. Every character grew and matured during the story, showing the reader that the only why they would be able to keep living would be to grow up and become mature. An example would be how Rose of Sharon matured after her baby was a still born. 9.Emulsion- a mixture of mutually insoluble liquids in which one is dispersed in droplets throughout the other; a light-sensitive coating on photographic film or paper. â€Å"Now the dust was evenly mixed with the air, an emulsion of dust and air† (pg. 3, Chapter 1). Insinuation- to imply in a subtle, indirect, or artful way â€Å"His voice had the same quality of secrecy and insinuation his eyes had† (pg. 8, Chapter 2). Judiciously- having, exercising, or characterized by sound judgement â€Å"The driver squinted judiciously ahead and built up the speed of the truck a little† (pg. 8, Chapter 2). Auger- a tool for boring †¦ and sometimes they drove big earth augers into the ground for soil tests† (pg. 31, Chapter 5). Beseech- to beg urgently â€Å"He did not know or own or trust or beseech the land† (pg. 35, Chapter 5). Leanto- A shed with a single-pitch roof attached to the side of a building; A shelter made from planks or branches raised in the front on poles. â€Å"Joad paused at the entrance to the tool-shed leanto, an no tools were there†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (pg. 40, Chapter 6). Petulant- Unreasonably irritable or ill tempered; peevish. â€Å"†¦ the mouth held tight and small, the little eyes half scowling, half petulant† (pg. 45, Chapter 5).Peddler- One who peddles for a living, a hawker; also called â€Å"packman†. â€Å"She aimed to go for that peddler with the ax†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (pg. 48, Chapter 5). Boils- A painful swelling of the skin and subcutaneous tissue with a hard pus-filled center, caused by bacterial infection, usually occurring at a hair follicle. â€Å"Look out for boils on that jackrabbit† (pg. 50, Chapter 5). Blazoned- To paint or depict (a coat of arms) with accurate heraldic detail; to adorn or embellish with or as if with blazons; to announce publicly; proclaim loudly and widely â€Å"†¦ the garages with blazoned signs†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (pg. 61, Chapter 5). Jalopy- An old, dilapidated car. Get ‘em out in a jalopy†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (pg. 61, Chapter 6). Heifer- A young cow, especially one that has not yet given birth to a calf. â€Å"Well, one day he takes a heifer over to Graves’ bull† (pg. 70, Chapter 7). Meerchaum- A claylike material consisting of hydrated magnesium silicate; A tobacco pipe with the bowl made from this. â€Å"Over old Tom’s unwhiskered cheek bones the skin was as brown as meerschaum†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (pg. 71, Chapter 8). Citadel- A fortress, typically on high ground, protecting or dominating a city. â€Å"She seemed to know, to accept, to welcome her position, the citadel of the family†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (pg. 74, Chapter 8).Jabbering- talk rapidly and excitedly but with little sense; fast, excited talk that makes little sense. â₠¬Å"All over the State, jabbering in the Hoovervilles† (pg. 237, Chapter 19). 10. A). Why were the deputies corrupting the law and treating the Okies unfairly? B). What the importance of keeping the family together even though Tom killed another man and was on the run from the law? C). Did Rose of Sharon do any real sin that would result in her having a still born baby? D). Was it right of Casy to give himself up for Tom, just so he could get in trouble with the law again? E). What was the outcome of the Dust Bowl? Grapes of Wrath Steven Messner November 1, 2012 Changes Along the Road John Steinbeck’s book, The Grapes of Wrath, shows the audience future changes in America, namely the coming Industrial Revolution, and the conflict between the locals and the Okies. These themes are supported by subplots of desperation, hunger, and the upcoming change in America. These subplots are particularly highlighted and illustrated in chapters 11 and 21. Steinbeck begins chapter 11 with a metaphor illustrating the coming change in the United States.The Industrial Revolution was coming and Steinbeck used this metaphor to show how machines would change the way the farmers lived their life. Steinbeck used this chapter not only for a picture of their vacant homes but as future inference for the coming times of disconnect between farmers and their land. â€Å"So easy that the wonder goes out of work, so efficient that the wonder goes out of the land and working it, and with the wonder the deep understanding and the rela tion† (115) Farming, to Steinbeck, was not just a way that crops were produced, but a lifestyle.Steinbeck understood that the little things mattered to farmers and their industry. Things like the way that land was worked from generation to generation, the care and dedication that were put into the seasonal turning of the soil, and rotating the crops to make sure the land stayed well. All these things were, for the farmer, not simply for this short benefit, but supported his long term goals. His love for the land caused the land to love him back. Steinbeck understood this relationship between the farmers and the land.The coming Industrial Revolution would change this relationship between farmers and their land. The way of life for these farmers was changing before their very eyes. The dedication and care that farmers once needed would be swept away. â€Å"And in the tractor man there grows the contempt that comes only to a stranger who has little understand and no relationâ₠¬  (115) Steinbeck is touching on the idea that once the farming industry is revolutionized, there would no longer be a need for small family farmers. When the industry is revolutionized, large companies would be able to farm great amounts of land.They would be able to mass produce crops, with little concern for quality, and ultimately, the quality of the soil itself would deplete. â€Å"When the corrugated iron doors are shut, he goes home, and his home is not the land. † (116) The revolution would not treat the land as sacred, and the close relationship between farmers and their land would be over. In chapter 21 Steinbeck once again illustrates his larger themes using the â€Å"migrants† and the changes they undergo during their journey. He uses the migrant’s story to further illustrate his negative feelings towards big industry.In this chapter, he moves along in time to show how big industry is taking away from the country as a whole. Steinbeck opens the cha pter by comparing the farmers who started this journey across the country and the migrants who are on the same journey now. The journey has changed these people before their very own eyes. This was a change that the â€Å"Okies† had to make no matter what. These people experienced being hungry for the first time, seeing their children go hungry and not be able to do anything about it. This would undoubtedly change a man forever. Change did indeed occur.The Okies grew angry and mean towards the locals. The local people lived in fear of the Okies. The locals knew that there was nothing on this earth that could keep the Okies away from their food and land. This began to ferment a problem between the locals and the Okies. â€Å"When there was work for a man, ten men fought for it- fought with a low wage. † (283) This illustrated the fact that one Okie would seemingly always charge less to work than another in order to keep a job. When there are ten men fighting for the job , the wages go from 25 cents to just working for food.This was beneficial for the owner because wages stayed so low. The Okies didn’t believe their circumstances could become any worse; however they would soon find out how wrong they were. They had no idea of the upcoming problems they would face with the large canneries. â€Å"And when the peaches were ripe he cut the price of fruit below the cost of raising it. And as cannery owner he paid himself a low price for the fruit and kept the price of canned goods up and took his profit. † (283-284) This was a dramatic economic challenge for the Okies.I believe at this point they realize things would never get back to the old ways. The way they lived their lives would be forever different. They were forced back on the road, and back to search for food. â€Å"The great companies did not know that the line between hunger and anger is a thin line† (284) â€Å"On the highways the people moved like ants and searched for work, for food. And the anger began to ferment† (284) Steinbeck points towards his feeling that big industry ruined the life of these people forever. The changes that Steinbeck illustrates are not just temporary, but permanent and life changing.These changes in industry would change the way the entire nation functions. The way people are used to living would be revolutionized. The people who aren’t ready to accept this change or are unaware how to accept these changes would be left behind. When looking back at both of these chapters, and understanding the negative changes, we see some irony in the way Steinbeck structured this book. These small chapters, in between the longer ones, gave Steinbeck a chance to not only give setting, but also to express his opinions of the current state of events though his metaphors.He used the small chapters of 11 and 21 to depict a scene the Okies were fleeing. They were leaving Oklahoma with the hope that California would somehow save them. â€Å"I like to think how nice it's gonna be, maybe, in California. Never cold. An' fruit ever'place, an' people just bein' in the nicest places, little white houses in among the orange trees. I wonder–that is, if we can all get jobs an' all work–maybe we can get one of them little white houses. An' the little fellas go out an' pick oranges right off the tree. † (91)The Okies believe they would find an area of California that would allow them to get back to their old ways of farming, and sadly, this simply would not happen. The Okies were running to a hopeful scene, while this hopeful scene was running from them. â€Å"Wonder if we'll ever get in a place where folks can live ‘thout fightin' hard scrabble an' rocks. I seen pitchers of a country flat an' green, an' with little houses like Ma says, white. Ma got her heart set on a white house. Get to thinkin' they ain't no such country. I seen pitchers like that. â€Å"Pa said, â€Å"Wait till we get to California.You'll see nice country then. â€Å"Jesus Christ, Pa! This here is California. † (204) They begin to realize, there really is nowhere left to run. In conclusion, I believe that in Chapters 11 and 21 the Joads were used as a metaphor for America. The Joads, like much of America, were not ready to accept the upcoming changes, and they were not prepared to deal with the disasters they had along the way. Ultimately, their journey was unsuccessful. They lost members of their family, animals, and friends. The Joads, like much of America, had lost their entire way of life.